Eddy currents in the sinus of Valsalva were depicted in the 1500s despite the lack of imaging modalities.
They assessed vortex patterns and energy loss in left ventricular flow in patients who underwent mitral valve repair or replacement with bioprosthetic valves.
The result that Mitral valve replacement alters the intraventricular vortex pattern and increases flow energy loss. A small mitral-septal angle is a risk factor for abnormal vortex patterns after mitral valve repair surgery.

Koichi Akiyama, Naotoshi Nakamura, Keiichi Itatani, Yoshifumi Naito, Mao Kinoshita, Masaru Shimizu, Saeko Hamaoka, Hideya Kato, Hiroaki Yasumoto, Yasufumi Nakajima, Toshiki Mizobe, Satoshi Numata, Hitoshi Yaku, Teiji Sawa, "Flow-dynamics assessment of mitral-valve surgery by intraoperative vector flow mapping", Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, Published Online (2017) 869–875.