It has previously been reported that the suction force that moves blood to the left ventricle during early diastole plays an essential role in children. In this paper, Dr. Takahashi's team aims to determine the suction force in infants, children, and adolescents by analyzing IVPD and IVPG. In the analysis, echocardiography was performed on 120 normal children age between 1 month-16 years. The result shows that the suction force increased at the mid–apical segment, correlating with increasing heart size & developing left ventricular relaxation, even after adjustment for left ventricular length.

Ken Takahashi, Masaki Nii, Kiyohiro Takigiku, Manatomo Toyono, Satoru Iwashima, Nao Inoue, Noboru Tanaka, Kotoko Matsui, Sachie Shigemitsu, Mariko Yamada, Maki Kobayashi, Kana Yazaki, Keiichi Itatani, Toshiaki Shimizu, "Development of suction force during early diastole from the left atrium to the left ventricle in infants, children, and adolescents", Heart and Vessels , 34 (2018) 296-306.